Monkeypox: Understanding the Threat and Effective Response

Monkeypox is an infectious viral disease. Although it sounds like monkeys transmit it, it is incorrect. The name monkeypox came after the virus causing this infection was first identified and isolated from monkeys used for research in 1958.

Before delving into the symptoms and treatment of monkeypox, let's take a step back. This viral infection has a history that's worth understanding. It's been steadily spreading, and its trajectory is crucial to our knowledge. For instance, in a meeting on June 25, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) decided not to label monkeypox a global threat. However, the situation changed dramatically on August 14, 2024, when monkeypox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).

Monkeypox is primarily a zoonotic viral infection transmitted from animals to humans. Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through large respiratory droplets, necessitating close contact. Recent studies suggest that the virus is predominantly spreading among men who have sex with men (MSM), raising concerns that the virus may have altered its transmission dynamics. Notably, the monkeypox virus has been detected in the semen of infected individuals.

The monkeypox virus's genetic material is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which makes it more stable in the environment than RNA viruses like the one that causes COVID-19. The virus's genetic material is packed in a viral envelope, which protects its genetic material and makes it more resilient.

The symptoms of monkeypox resemble smallpox, a viral infection that has been eradicated. While monkeypox is generally milder, it can still cause significant discomfort. Initial symptoms include flu-like signs such as fever, headache, and shortness of breath, followed by the appearance of skin rashes and pus-filled blisters, which typically resolve within two to three weeks.

Regarding treatment and prevention, it's important to note that vaccines developed for smallpox are effective against monkeypox. However, there's currently no specific, approved treatment for monkeypox itself. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided interim clinical guidance for treating monkeypox, which we'll discuss briefly. It's crucial to remember that while monkeypox is often a self-limiting infection, it can be dangerous if lesions appear in sensitive areas such as the eyes, mouth, genitals, and anal regions.

The CDC's interim guidance suggests the following treatments for monkeypox:

1. Tecovirimat: An antiviral approved for treating smallpox in adults and pediatric patients. NOTE: Early results from clinical trial show that the antiviral tecovirimat is no better than placebo against a virus type called clade I
2. Cidofovir: An antiviral approved for treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections.
3. Vaccinia Immunoglobulins (IgGs): Used for skin conditions caused by Vaccinia infections.
4. Brincidofovir: An FDA-approved antiviral for smallpox, applicable to both adults and children.

However, the above-described medicine suggested by the CDC must be used in consultation with a physician. Furthermore, the above treatment information is based on CDC guidelines and should not be considered BiomedGlobal recommendations.

As we wrap up, it's essential to remember a few key points: Preventive measures are our first line of defense against viral infections. Vaccines can shield us from infection, while antivirals reduce the severity of the disease. By staying informed and taking necessary precautions, we can all help prevent the spread of monkeypox.

The biomedglobal team is praying for your good health.